# en-composition-notes **Repository Path**: shujuecn/en-composition-notes ## Basic Information - **Project Name**: en-composition-notes - **Description**: English Writing Notes for Graduate Entrance Examination. - **Primary Language**: Unknown - **License**: Not specified - **Default Branch**: master - **Homepage**: None - **GVP Project**: No ## Statistics - **Stars**: 0 - **Forks**: 0 - **Created**: 2022-11-23 - **Last Updated**: 2022-11-26 ## Categories & Tags **Categories**: Uncategorized **Tags**: None ## README # 0 总论 --- ## 0.1 宏观结构 --- 1. 图画 *

2. 图表 * ![image-20221110164103213](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h804fzmnb5j30jt040t91.jpg) --- ## 0.2 细节设计 --- ### 0.2.1 主题词 1. 动词：doing 2. 名词：n. 3. 形容词：being adj. ### 0.2.2 插入语 + 静态化设计 1. 引例 * Sb **do** sth –> Sb **try to do** sth * Sth **be**… –> Sth **tend to** be… * Sb **intend/intends to do** sth –> Sb **have/has intention of doing** sth * Sth **is very popular** –> Sb **have/has/receive gain grate popularity** 2. 名词化 * ![image-20221106224320563](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h7vsfpx94uj30t80et41d.jpg) 3. 介词化 1. I am **in good mood**. (亮点：be+介词短语) 2. Protecting environment **tends to be of great/enormous** importance. 3.

4. 插入语 1. Intelligence, **it turns out**, is a high-priced option. 2. …, **under any circumstance**,… 3. Protecting environment, **under any circumstance**, tends to be **of great (enormous)** importance. 4. Setting a good example for kids, **under any circumstance**, tends to be **of great (enormous)** importance. 5. …, **in fact** / **in arge part**,… --- ### 0.2.3 It 做形式主语包装 1. 语料 * It is generally recognized that… 人们普遍认为 * It has been found that… 已经发现… * It may be said without fear of exaggeration that... 可以毫不夸张地说… * It can not be denied that... 不可否认… * It is reported that... 据报道… * It must be admitted that... 必须承认… * It is imagined that... 人们认为.… * It will be seen from this that... 由此可知… * It must be pointed out that... 必须指出… * It should be realized that... 必须认识到 2. 例句 * **It is senerally recognized that** protecting environment, **under any circumstance**, tends to be **of great (enormous)** importance. --- ### 0.2.4 假传圣旨（就地取材） 1. 模板 * As 人名, 职务&单位, puts it, "观点句". 2. 例句 * As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, "It is generally recognized that protecting environment, under any circumstance, tends to be of great/(enormous) importance." --- ### 0.2.5 无病呻吟 1. no + 核心名词 * If…**isn’t**…, …can’t… –> If **no…is**…, …can’t… * 第一个否定和第二个有差异：no - can’t * 一篇作文里只用一次 2. 否定副词 * never * seldom * rarely * hardly * scarcely 3. fail to do sth 4. 例句 * …He may also need money to construct irrigation vessels and improve his farm in other ways. **If no** surplus **is** available, a farmer **can’t** be self-satisfied... --- ### 0.2.6 非灵主语(inanimate subject)/物称主语 * The reports **came into** London Zoo. * The news **came to** me. * An idea **came / flashed into** my mind. * He **lost** his confidence. –> Confidence **deserted** him. * I **couldn’t sleep** that night. –> That right sleep **eluded** me. * Over past several years, people **have witnessed** a social phenomenon that... –> The past several years **have witnessed** a social phenomenon that... --- ### 0.2.7 调查 * A recent Internet questionnaire of **the relevant department** indicates that approximately 83.2% of the respondents hold the same view. * A recent Internet questionnaire of **the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences** indicates that approximately 83.2% of the respondents hold the same view. * 机构 * the relevant department * 中国社科院 the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences * 全球权威官方 * 民间机构 * 全球著名大学 * 全球著名或权威杂志 --- # 1 图画 --- ## 1.1 图画理论 --- ### 1.1.1 第一段：描述图画 --- 1. 引出主题 1. 首句 1. The animated cartoon reminds its readers about the significance of 主题词… 看到这副生动的漫画人们想到了...的重要性 2. Nothing can get us denying that 主题词, under any circumstance, tends to be of great (enormous) importance. 不可否认，无论在任何情况下，…往往都很重要 3. It goes without saying that 主题词，under any circumstance, tends to be of great (enormous) importance. 不言而喻，无论在任何情况下，.…往往都很重要。 4. Nowadays, the topic of 主题词 has become a matter of great concern for the general public in China. 如今，…的话题已经成为中国老百姓所关心的事情。 5. Glanging at the picture, we cannot help being shocked by what characters in the scene did. 看到这幅漫画，我们不禁惊讶于场景中人物所做的事。（负面话题） --- 2. 第二句 1. 非定法 * As is vividly **portrayed** in the **ridiculous** **picture** * 正如这幅**可笑的**图画所栩栩如生地**揭示的**那样 * 描绘 portrayed / described * 揭示 revealed / disclose / shown * 说明 illustrated * 可笑的 ridiculous * 有趣的 interesting * 搞笑的 funny * 发人深思的 thought-provoking * 夺人眼球的 eye-catching * 图画 picture / cartoon / photo / drawing / graph 2. 宾语从句法 * The ridiculous picture vividly portrays **that**... 3. 形式主语 * **It is** vividly portrayed in the ridiculous pictures **that**… 4. 两幅图片连词 * adv.类似地 similarly, likewise * adv.而且; 此外 furthermore, moreover * 转折 however, by contrast, unfortunately, yet --- 2. 描述图画 1. 旅游扔垃圾 * ![image-20221107203834835](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h7wujq1m0yj308m06zdg2.jpg) * From the picture, we can see **that** two tourists **sitting** on a boat, are throwing rubbish into the lake **full of** litter and waste. --- 2. 家长做榜样 * ![image-20221107204103975](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h7wuislloij30dh0613yw.jpg) * As is vividly shown in the left picture, a father **watching TV** is asking his son to study hard**, but** both of the father and the son are studying together in the right picture. * **While** watching TV in the left picture, a father **is asking** his son to study hard**; however,** both the father and the son are studying together in the right picture. --- 3. 文化火锅 * ![image-20221107211548413](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h7wvixo0lnj307e06aglo.jpg) * As is symbolically depicted in the picture, there is a hot pot **in which** there are some cultural elements **including** western cultural ones and Chinese ones. --- 3. 评价图片 * 这幅图作一看好像很简单，但只有具有洞察力的人才能透过表面看穿其内在的含义 * The cartoon, at the first glimpse, seems to be simple, but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning. * 尽管图片简单，但其内涵意义很深刻 * Simple as the picture looks, its implicit meaning should be epoch-making. * 尽管图片简单，但其引伸义却发人深思 * Simple as the picture is, its intended meaning is extremely thought-provoking. * 这幅画如此简单以于无需解释，但是只有明智的读者才能抓住其本质。 * The drawing is so simple that it deserves little explanation, but only sensible reader can capture its essence. --- ### 1.1.2 第二段：重申主题 1. 分析影响 * 考虑到的重要性 / 严重性，有必要指出其背后意义深远的影响 * Considering the significance / seriousness of 主题词, it is necessary to point out the far-reaching consequences behind it. 2. 引出影响的连词 * First of all,…in addition,… last but not least,… * First,…what's more,…additionally,… * In the first place,…in the second place,… * Firstly,…moreover,…in addition,… * For one thing,…for anther,... * On the one hand...,on the other hand,... * First and foremost,…,Plus,… 3. 第一条影响 + 调查***【0.2.7 调查】*** 4. 第二条影响 + 名人名言***【0.2.4 假传圣旨（就地取材）】*** --- 5. 常见影响语料 1. 主题 * 成长; 成功; 发展（个人话题） * the growth * success * prospect of individual * 社会话题 * as a result of multiple causes, inevitably brings tremendous benefits to the growth of individual… * It exerts a positive influence on the development of economy * the development of economy / society / culture / legal system / **environment** * 家庭环境：family environment * 校园环境：school environment * 学术环境：academic environment * 文化环境：cultural environment * 知识 * acquire adequate knowledge * 经历 * acquire useful / extensive experience * 机会 * acquire golden opportunity * 效率 * enhance / improve / develop / increase our work / study efficiency * 便利 * give / offer great / tremendous convenience in our life * 时间 * waste our precious time and money * a totol waste of our precious time and money * ady.极大地 * greatly * dramatically * significantly * considerably * 压力 * pressure / stress / stain * relieves / moderates a lot of physical and mental stress * gives rise to / causes a lot of mental and physical stress. * 健康（身体和心理） * health --- 2. 句型 * Nothing is more important than 主题词 for 理由 * It is conducive to 理由替换：contributes to / be responsible for / advance * It exerts a positive influence on 理由 * effect / impact * 深远的 profound /far-reaching * 不良的 undesirable * 主题词, as a result of multiple causes, inevitably brings / offers tremendous benefits / harm to 理由 * it enables us / our society to acquire 理由 --- ### 1.1.3 第三段：升华主题 --- 1. 第一句 1. 根据上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论… * The above-mentioned can naturally lead us to the conclusion that the great importance should be attached to 主题词 * From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that… 2. 考虑了所有的这些因素，我们可以得出结论… * Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that… 3. 通过上述分析我强调的是…对…具有重要的意义 * What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that...is of great significance for... 4. …的其他优点也不胜枚举 * The merits above are only a few of what 主题词 can yield. --- 2. 建议措施 1. 媒体：宣传 / 报道 / 揭露 * 报纸和新闻媒体应该宣传报道它 * Newspaper and news media should be planned to **launch propagandas of** it. * 报纸和新闻媒体应该揭露和阻止它 * Newspaper and news media should be planned to **feveal and prevent** it. 2. 政府：制定法律 / 采取措施 * 政府应该完善法律法规来… * The government should **formulate better laws and regulations** to do sth. * 政府应该实施各项有关…的措施 * Implementation of the measures of doing 主题词 should be under way. 3. 个人：认识到和采取行动 * Everyone should cultivate a better awareness of it and channel actions. --- 3. 展望未来 1. 只有这样，我们才能走向更美好的未来。 * Only in this way would we be bound for a better future. 2. 只有这样，我们的生活才会变得更加真实和有意义。 * Only in this way would our lives become more real and meahingful. * Only in this way can we do something. --- ## 1.2 真题带练 --- ### 2008 1. 题目 *

--- ### 2009 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 * --- ### 2010（英语一） 1. 题目 * ![image-20221107211548413](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h80e4fbh3pj307e06adfw.jpg) 2. 范文 *

--- ### 2011（英语一） 1. 题目 * ![image-20221110221650797](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/008vxvgGgy1h80e5dyc6ij308p070glt.jpg) 2. 范文 *

--- ### 2012（英语一） 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 *

--- ### 2013（英语一） 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 *

--- ### 2014（英语一） 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 *

--- ### 2015 （英语一） 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 *

--- ### 2016（英语一） 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 *

--- ### 2017（英语一） 1. 题目 *

2. 范文 *

--- # 2 书信 --- ### 2.1 书信格式 *

--- ### 2.2 段落架构 *

--- ### 2.2.1 称呼 * Dear + 称呼 * 不道对方姓名 * 机构 * Dear Sir or Madam, * To Whom It May Concern, * 团体 * Dear friends, * Dear students, * Dear members, * 知道对姓名 * 熟悉人 * Dear Uncle, * Dear Jack, * 较正式有职位 * Dear Manager, * Dear Manager Jack, * 其他情况 * Dear Mr. / Ms. + 姓， --- ### 2.2.2 第一段 --- 1. 表明身份 1. 学生类 * a undergraduate / graduate majoring in 专业 * freshman / sophomore / junior / senior 2. 社团和职业类 * I am a member of **association**, (建议信、辞职信等) * of club / of team / of staff in your company 3. 其他 * enthusiast / hobbyist / fan * neighbor * roommate * reader * customer * classmate 4. 万能身份 * I am president of students' union. 学生会主席 --- 2. 写信目的 1. 万能句式 * I am writing to **do sth** (可抄可写) * I am writing the letter to you for the purpose of **doing sth** 2. 标志词 * 建议信：**suggest** / advice / suggestion / proposal / opinion / idea * 感谢信：**thank** / thanks / gratitude / appreciation * 投诉信：**complain** / complaint / dissatisfaction / indignation * 推荐信：**recommend** / **introduce** / recommendation / introduction * 邀请信：**invite** / cordial invitation * 道歉信：**apology** / apology regret / sorry * 求职信：**apply for position** / qualified candidate / submit * 询问信：**inquire** / ask for / wonder / inquiry * 辞职信：**resign** / quit / leave / resignation * 申请信：**apply for application** / want to * 倡议信：**advocate** / On behalf of... / encourage / inspire / call for * 祝贺信：**congratulate** / congratulation * 拒绝信：**decline** / cannot accept / resign * 慰问信：**sorry to hear** * 答复函：**In response to your last letter** 3. 建议信 1. I am writing to express my view suggestion proposal about / concerning... 2. It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on... 3. You have asked me for my advice with regard to…, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions. 4. 感谢信 * I would like to extend / express / convey in this letter my sincere appreciation / my heartfelt thanks / my thanks to you for… * I feel deeply indebted to you, writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks for.… 5. 投诉信 * I am writing to express my complaint / concern / dissatisfaction / disappointment about... * I am writing the letter to you for the purpose that I am dissatisfied with your. * I feel bad / sorry to trouble you but have to draw your attention to the problem / fault of...that I bought. 6. 推荐信 * It affords me much pleasure to **recommend A as B** to you. * With reference to your requirements, I am delighted to **recommend A as an ideal candidate**. * When it comes to..., I shall, without any hesitation, **recommend**…to you. 7. 邀请信 * We **hereby** extend to you our **cordial invitation** to… * It's my pleasure / a great honour for me to invite you to... * It would be a good idea if you could participate in... 8. 道歉信 * I am writing this letter to express my regret / my apology for / that... * Please accept my sincere apology for / that... * I am indeed very sorry for that... 9. 求职信 * I am writing this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in newspaper. * Please consider me for your advertised position of... * I would like to apply **for the vacancy** of.... 10. 询问信 * I am writing to ask if you could possibly provide me with information regarding / concerning... * I would be most grateful if you could send me information regarding / concerning... * I would like to know whether you could provide me with information regarding / concerning... --- ### 2.2.3 第二段 --- 1. 展开主题 * Of all the points concerned, I'd like to name three / two significant ones as follows. * The following statements for my recommendation / suggestions / proposals are on the top of my list. * Pieces of **relevant details** are as follows. * **The items of the 活动** are as follows. * Listed below are **the basic information**. --- 2. 两点论 / 三点论 1. 首先 * First and the foremost, * In the first place, * To start with, * To begin with, 2. 其次 * Plus, * In the second place, * In addition Additionally, * Furthermore Moreover, 3. 最后 * Finally, * Lastly, * More importantly, * Last but not the least, --- 3. 四大万能理由 1. 成长 / 成功 / 发展 * 主题词, as a result of multiple causes, inevitably brings tremendous benefits to the growth of individual. 2. 知识 / 经历 / 机会 * It is conducive to acquiring adequate knowledge. * It enables us to acquire useful / extensive experience. 3. 效率 / 便利 / 时间 * Nothing is more important than for saving our precious time and money. * It exerts a positive influence on efficient learning / studying. * It is conducive to offering great / tremendous convenience in our life. 4. 压力 / 健康 (身体和心理) * It is conducive to relieving / moderating a lot of physical and mental stress. * 主题词, as a result of multiple causes, inevitably brings / offers tremendous benefits / harm to our health both mentally and physically. 5. 万能地点时间 * the activity will be held at auditorium (on the playground) of our university from 9:00 am to 12:00 am on December 10, 2022. --- ### 2.2.4 第三段 --- 1. 呼应主题 + 寒暄套话 1. 一般 * Please accept my sincere gratitude to you for reading the content above. If you need to know more about it, please contact me. 2. 详细 * I hope you will find these suggestions / proposals / recommendations helpful / practical / useful. * I hope you will take my suggestion into account. * I would **be ready to** discuss this matter in further details. 3. 感谢信常用 1. Please accept my sincere gratitude for your reading the content above. 2. I am most grateful for your generous help. 3. My true gratitude is beyond the word's deseription. 4. 投诉信常用 * I trust you will take my complaints seriously and solve it by resorting to measures. * I shall be grateful if you could consider my situation and improve it as soon as possible. * I would like to have this matter settled by the end of this month. 5. 推荐信常用 * Owing to the reasons discussed above, I don't hesitate to recommend him / her / it as the right person for your consideration. * With these reasons in mind, I am willing to stand by him / her / it. * To conclude, I would like to restate my strong recommendation for... 6. 邀请信 * I look forward to seeing you. * We should be very please if you could honor us with your presence. * I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision. 7. 道歉信 * I sincerely hope you can accept my apology. * Please accept my sincerest and deepest apology. (for......) * I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies. 8. 求职信 * I shall be much obliged if you accord me an opportunity for an interview. * Should you give me a trial, I will do my utmost to afford you every satisfaction. * I have enclosed my resume that outlines in detail my qualifications and experience. 9. 询问信 * I am looking forward to your due attention and quick response. * I am looking forwards to your prompt attention to this letter. * Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated. --- 2. 表示感谢（感谢信结尾常用句式） * Please accept my sincere gratitude for your reading the content above. * I am most grateful for your generous help. * My true gratitude is beyond the word's description. --- 3. 期待回信（询问信结尾常用句式） 1. I am looking forward to your due attention and quick response. 2. I am looking forwards to your prompt attention to this letter. 3. Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated. --- 4. 保持联系 + 祝好 * Should there be anything I can do for you, please contact me without hesitation. * If you need to know more about it,please contact me. * Wish you good luck! * God bless you! --- ## 2.3 书信模板组合示例 --- 1. 建议信 *